Mansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190925Gene expression pattern of acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in pregnant Barki sheep under complete feed deprivation81315135210.21608/mvmj.2019.23.202ENJournal Article20190717<strong>Objective:</strong> To assess the mRNA level of acetyl CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) by means of real-time PCR in Barki sheep subjected to complete feed deprivation.<br /> <strong><em>Design:</em></strong> Controlled study.<br /> <strong><em>Animals:</em></strong> Seven healthy pregnant ewes.<br /> <strong><em>Procedures:</em></strong> Ewes were subjected to complete feed deprivation with <em>ad libitum</em> water for five consecutive days. Venous blood samples were collected from each ewe before (zero time) and on the fifth day post-deprivation of feed for measurement of the mRNA level of ACACA, FASN, and SCD and assessment of serum metabolic profile parameters.<br /> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> On the fifth day post-fasting, the gene expression pattern of ACACA, FASN, SCD genes showed a significant (<em>p </em>< 0.05) down regulation in comparison with pre-deprivation of feed. There was a significant (<em>p </em>< 0.05) increase in the serum level of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxyl buteric acid (BHBA), and triglycerides in pregnant ewes in the fifth day post-fasting in comparison with pre-deprivation of feed. On the other hand, there was a significant (<em>p < /em> < 0.05) decrease in the level of glucose, cholesterol, and insulin in pregnant ewes in the fifth day post-fasting compared with pre-deprivation of feed. On histopathology, liver showed marked heptic steatosis in midzonal and periportal area, with formation of small fatty cysts in liver lobule. There was a positive correlation between leptin and insulin (r = 0.996; <em>p < /em> < 0.01), BHB and leptin (r = 0.951; <em>p < /em> < 0.05) and glucose and SCD (r = 1.0, <em>p < /em> < 0.01). However, there was a negative correlation between FASN and NEFA (r = - 0.991; <em>p < /em> < 0.05), FASN and leptin (r = -0.683; <em>p < /em> < 0.05) and FASN and cholesterol (r = - 0.82; <em>p </em>< 0.05).<br /> <strong><em>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </em></strong>Pregnant Barki ewes can clinically tolerate complete feed deprivation for five days, with down regulation of ACACA, FASN, SCD genes and presence of marked metabolic changes. Therefore, metabolic monitoring is warranted to predict the early changes associated with feed deprivation under different stressful conditions.</em></em></em></em></em></em>https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151352_b5f6cc142857e00e00b35c08ed34a3ea.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190925Occurrence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows353915313610.21608/mvmj.2019.23.207ENMohamedEl-DiastyAnimal Health Research Institute- Mansoura, Egypt.HagerTalaatAnimal Health Research Institute- Mansoura, Egypt.SamarAtwaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infections and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura
35516, Egypt.ElzahraaElbazMohamedEissaDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20190815<span>Objective: To study the prevalence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Case-control study. Animals: 415 lactating Holstein cows. Procedures: A total of 896 quarter milk samples were collected aseptically from 415 dairy cows for bacteriological examination (mastitic cows, n=50; healthy cows, n=174). Identification of different bacterial isolates followed by antibiotic sensitivity test for Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) was carried out, using disc-diffusion method against 13 different antibiotics . Results: 224 out of 415 cows (54%) were proven to be mastitic (12% clinical mastitis, 42 % subclinical mastitis). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the prevalent isolate (32%). CNS was recorded in 25.7 % of clinical cases and 34% of subclinical mastitis. The antibiogram of CNS isolates against 13 different antibiotics revealed high level of resistance to ampicillin (85%) and oxacillin (85%). However, they were less resistant to vancomycin (5%). The other antibiotics showed variable levels of resistance ranging from 40-75%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from mastitic cases. Multi-drug resistance was observed among CNS with high resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, so the use of such B-lactam antibiotics should be restricted specially if there were suspected cases of Coagulasenegative Staphylococci.</span>https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_153136_7c4675fdd4440fcb5e17f74d42629dd2.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190930The Possible protective effect of pumpkin seed extract on mammary carcinoma in rats: An experimental study303417780710.21608/mvmj.2019.23.206ENWalaaAboSedaJournal Article20190615Objective: To evaluate the potential protective effect of pumpkins’ seed extract on oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with mammary gland carcinoma in rats. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated equally to four groups (10 rats each); group 1 (control group); group 2 received 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously in the mammary region to induce carcinoma. Group 3 received pumpkin seed extract at 300 mg/kg body weight orally, and group 4 was treated with both pumpkin seed extract and DMBA. Animals were euthanized after 8 weeks of treatment, and tissues from mammary gland were collected and divided into three portions. The first portion was used to determine antioxidant and oxidative stress markers; the second one was stored in RNA for later estimation of Cyclin D1 expression, and the last portion was stored in neutral buffered formalin (10%) for histopathological examination. Results: Levels of Nitric oxide, Malondialdehyde and Reduced Glutathione, as well as activity of Glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a significant decline in rats supplemented with pumpkin seed extract and subjected to induced mammary carcinoma in comparison with diseased non-supplemented rats (P <0.05). In addition, there was a down-expression in cyclin D1 expression in rats supplemented with pumpkin seed extract. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Pumpkins’ seed extract can alleviate the oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with experimentally induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Further studies are needed to get an evidence for the use of pumpkin seed extract in the clinical practice.https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_177807_3e0f7183f3a49eae5cf6d99a0110e4aa.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190930The effect of synthetic essential amino acids supplementation to low crude protein diets on growth performance and serum metabolites in broiler chickens242917780810.21608/mvmj.2019.23.205ENAhmedElshafeyJournal Article20190315Objective: To assess the influence of reduction of crude protein (CP) by 5% and 10% with supplementation of crystalline synthetic essential amino acids (EAAs) on performance and carcass traits of broilers .<br />Design: Randomized controlled study<br />Animals: A total of 320 one-day-old broiler chicks, (Cobb 500) reared up to 35 days of age were randomly allocated into eight experimental groups with four replicates (10 each).<br />Procedures: The treatments as follow; the first group of chicks were fed on control protein to meet the CP requirement and total AAs according to Cobb 500 recommendation; the second group were fed idle EAAs (Id EAAs) to meet the recommended CP and the digestible EAAs. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed on diet 5% reduction of CP with EAAs supplementation exceed the digestible EAAs requirement of Cobb by 110, 120, and 130% (LCP3+110EAAs, LCP4+120EAAs, LCP5+130EAAs). However, the sixth, seventh, eighth groups of chicks were fed on diet 10% reduction of CP with AAs supplementation exceed the digestible EAAs requirement of Cobb by 110, 120, and 130% (LCP6+110EAAs, LCP7+120EAAs, LCP8+130EAAs.)<br />Results: Broilers of group four, five, six, seven and eight showed a significant decrease final body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake at 21 and 35 days of age. However, the same variables were significantly enhanced in broilers of group one, two, and three (p <0.05). Additionally, there was a significant decrease of relative weight of abdominal fat pad of broilers in groups three, four, five compared to other treatment groups. Serum uric acid and cholesterol were linearly decreased with reduction of CP and supplementation with synthetic essential amino acids .<br />Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present results indicate that reduction of CP by 5% or 10% with crystalline EAAs supplementation by 110, 120 and 130% more than the digestible EAAs of broiler recommendation did not support the growth performance.https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_177808_fc5ba53d63bd498fea329284b09e518d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190930Effects of Cadmium and /or Chromium on reproductive organs and semen profiles of male albino rats141817781110.21608/mvmj.2019.23.203ENEmanAbd ElhafeezJournal Article20210204Objective: To evaluate the potential hazards of cadmium and/or chromium on the reproductive system of adult male albino rat. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Forty mature male albino rats weighing 260 ± 10 g. Procedures: Rats were allocated into four groups (ten animals each). Control group (group 1), group 2 received 4.4 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride, group 3 was given 2.5 mg kg-1 sodium dichromate and group 4 received combination of Cd (2.2 mg kg-1 ) and Cr (1.25mg kg-1 ) orally, once daily for 65 consecutive days. Results: Exposure to Cd or Cr, in particular their combination, caused a reduction in the index weights of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate glands. They induced a reduction of sperm count and viability with an increase of abnormal sperm morphology. Interestingly, in the combination group (Cd and Cr together), the deleterious effects were more noticeable. Pathologically, both Cd and Cr produced degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules, necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium within the testis. Moreover, the interstitial tissue of epididymis showed marked edema and prostate showed necrosis and serous exudate of lining epithelium. In the interaction group, testis showed complete degenerative changes and necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium, with marked interstitial edema and hyperplastic epithelial lining of epididymal tubules. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present results support the hypothesis that the testis is one of the most sensitive organs to Cd and/or Cr and that the exposure to any of them or to their combination lead to testicular damage and thereby male infertilityhttps://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_177811_6c57fbe87c0197c844eb4f036b5c9ce5.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190901Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid on diabetic nephropathy in rats192317781410.21608/mvmj.2019.23.204ENSamarYabesJournal Article20190417Objective: To evaluate the protective role of alpha lipoic acid in rats affected with experimentally-induced diabetes and secondarily complicated with nephropathy. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated randomly into four groups (12 each); Control rats (Group 1); alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplemented rats (Group 2); rats with induced diabetic nephropathy (Group 3), and rats with diabetic nephropathy and supplemented with alpha lipoic acid (Group 4). After one month of experimental induction, serum, plasma and renal tissue samples were harvested to determine glycemic status, renal damage markers, antioxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, apoptotic marker and histopathology of kidney tissues. Results: In comparison with non-supplemented diabetic rats, alpha lipoic acid reduced renal malondialdehyde (5.74± 0.26 vs 11.3± 1.96 nmol/g. tissue) and renal nitric oxide (30.06± 2.07 vs 36.6± 1.07 nmol/g. tissue). ALA significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and reduced glutathione), glycemic status, and decreased caspase 3 concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Alpha lipoic acid may be an alternative intervention to alleviate nephropathy as a complication of diabetes. Further studies need to be done in naturally occurring cases.https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_177814_cb9d4a052453c30506c44e62e87b10a9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura Veterinary Medical Journal1110-721920320190930Impacts of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth performance andgastrointestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)1717781610.21608/mvmj.2019.23.201ENAhmedAl-WakeelJournal Article20190309Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential role of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth performance, liver and intestine tissue morphology, and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).<br />Design: Controlled study.<br />Animals: Three groups of Nile tilapia.<br />Procedures: Three diets were formulated to contain 0 % of MOS 500 (MOS) as control (control), 0.05% of MOS plus adding MOS into water as well at level of 12.5 mg/l (MOS (feed +water), and the third group MOS was added only to water (MOS water) at the same level, and fed to Nile tilapia for 6 weeks.<br />Results: Simultaneous water and feed additives with (MOS feed+water) at (0.05% of feed + 12.5 mg/l water) caused a significant increase in growth parameters (initial and final weight, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and condition factor (k), when compared to both MOS added only in tank water (MOS water) and control groups. In addition, MOS in both treatment types increased survival rates significantly compared to the control. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis showed that a single species or species that contained chemically equivalent DNA dominated the intestinal tract of all Nile tilapia regardless of dietary treatment. While MOS had no adverse effect of intestinal histology, an increase in the villi length was recorded.<br />Conclusion and clinical relevance: Collectively, our results indicate that MOS added to feed and water could be used to enhance the growth performances, increase the survivability and exert beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia.https://mvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_177816_af89b0855bc56111956e4d08d07f7a82.pdf